Nama : Reno Rahmat Darmawan
Kelas : 1EA25
Npm: 16216197
Transitive
verbs have both active and passive forms:
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active
|
|
passive
|
|
The hunter killed the
lion.
|
>>
|
The lion was killed by
the hunter.
|
|
Someone has cleaned the
windows
|
>>
|
The windows have been
cleaned
|
The passive forms are made up of the verb be with a past participle:
|
|
be
|
past participle
|
|
|
English
|
is
|
spoken
|
all over the world
|
|
The windows
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have been
|
cleaned
|
|
|
Lunch
|
was being
|
served
|
|
|
The work
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will be
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finished
|
soon
|
|
They
|
might have been
|
invited
|
to the party
|
Active Voice Versus Passive Voice
Here's a
question from Brian in Iowa. He writes, “It drives me crazy when people write
in passive voice. How can I teach people how to tell the difference between
passive and active voice and to stay away from passive voice?”
Well, Brian is
right, the first step is to help people understand the difference between
active and passive voice, because many people believe they should avoid the
passive voice, but fewer people can define it or recognize it.
What
Is Active Voice?
I'll start with
active voice because it's simpler. In an active sentence, the subject is doing
the action. A straightforward example is the sentence "Steve loves
Amy." Steve is the subject, and he is doing the action: he loves Amy, the
object of the sentence.
Another example
is the title of the Marvin Gaye song “I Heard It through the Grapevine.”
"I" is the subject, the one who is doing the action. "I" is
hearing "it," the object of the sentence.
What
Is Passive Voice?
In passive
voice, the target of the action gets promoted to the subject position. Instead
of saying, "Steve loves Amy," I would say, "Amy is loved by
Steve." The subject of the sentence becomes Amy, but she isn't doing
anything. Rather, she is just the recipient of Steve's love. The focus of the
sentence has changed from Steve to Amy.
If you wanted
to make the title of the Marvin Gaye song passive, you would say “It was heard
by me through the grapevine,” not such a catchy title anymore
We sometimes use the verb get to form the passive:
Be careful with the glass.
It might get broken.
Peter got hurt in a crash.
Peter got hurt in a crash.
If we want to show the
person or thing doing the action we use by:
She was attacked by a dangerous dog.
The money was stolen by her husband.
The money was stolen by her husband.
We can use the indirect object as the subject of a passive
verb:
|
active
|
|
passive
|
|
I gave him a book for his
birthday
|
>>
|
He was given a book for
his birthday.
|
|
Someone sent her a cheque
for a thousand euros
|
>>
|
She was sent a cheque for
a thousand euros.
|
We can use phrasal verbs in the passive:
|
active
|
|
passive
|
|
They called off the meeting.
|
>>
|
The meeting was called off.
|
|
His grandmother looked after him.
|
>>
|
He was looked after by his
grandmother.
|
|
They will send him away to school.
|
>>
|
He will be sent away to
school.
|
Some verbs very frequently used in the passive are
followed by the to-infinitive:
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be supposed to
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be expected to
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be asked to
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|
be scheduled to
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be allowed to
|
be told to
|
John has been asked to make a
speech at the meeting.
You are supposed to wear a uniform.
The meeting is scheduled to start at seven.
You are supposed to wear a uniform.
The meeting is scheduled to start at seven.
TO KEEP, ACTIVE AND
PASSIVE VOICES
|
Tense
|
Active voice
|
Passive voice
|
Active sentence
|
Passive equivalent
|
|
Simple present
|
keep
|
is kept
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I keep the butter in the fridge.
|
The butter is kept in the fridge.
|
|
Present continuous
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is keeping
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is being kept
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John is keeping my house tidy.
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My house is being kept tidy.
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|
Simple past
|
kept
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was kept
|
Mary kept her schedule meticulously.
|
Mary's schedule was kept meticulously.
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|
Past continuous
|
was keeping
|
was being kept
|
The theater was keeping a seat for you.
|
A seat was being kept for you.
|
|
Present perfect
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have kept
|
have been kept
|
I have kept all your old letters.
|
All your old letters have been kept.
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|
Past perfect
|
had kept
|
had been kept
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He had kept up his training regimen for a month.
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His training regimen had been kept up for a month.
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|
Simple Future
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will keep
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will be kept
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Mark will keep the ficus.
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The ficus will be kept.
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|
Conditional Present
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would keep
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would be kept
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If you told me, I would keep your secret.
|
If you told me, your secret would be kept.
|
|
Conditional Past
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would have kept
|
would have been kept
|
I would have kept your bicycle here if you had left it
with me.
|
Your bicycle would have been kept here if you had left it
with me.
|
|
Present Infinitive
|
to keep
|
to be kept
|
She wants to keep the book.
|
The book wants to be kept.
|
|
Perfect Infinitive
|
to have kept
|
to have been kept
|
Judy was happy to have kept the puppy.
|
The puppy was happy to have been kept.
|
|
Present Participle & Gerund
|
keeping
|
being kept
|
I have a feeling that you may be keeping a secret.
|
I have a feeling that a secret may be being kept.
|
|
Perfect Participle
|
having kept
|
having been kept
|
Having kept the bird in a cage for so long, Jade wasn't
sure it could survive in the wild.
|
The bird, having been kept in a cage for so long, might
not survive in the wild.
|
